ChemSpider 2D Image | Alprazolam | C17H13ClN4

Alprazolam

  • Molecular FormulaC17H13ClN4
  • Average mass308.765 Da
  • Monoisotopic mass308.082886 Da
  • ChemSpider ID2034

More details:

Featured data source
The Merck Index Online

Validated by Experts, Validated by Users, Non-Validated, Removed by Users

249-349-2 [EINECS]
28981-97-7 [RN]
4H-[1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine, 8-chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl- [ACD/Index Name]
8-Chlor-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepin [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
8-Chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine [ACD/IUPAC Name]
8-Chloro-1-méthyl-6-phényl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazépine [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Alprax [Trade name]
Alprazolam [BAN] [INN] [JAN] [USAN] [Wiki]
Alprazolamum [Latin] [INN]
Anxyl [Trade name]
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Validated by Experts, Validated by Users, Non-Validated, Removed by Users

3426 [DBID]
U-31889 [DBID]
XZ5473000 [DBID]
YU55MQ3IZY [DBID]
ZINC00000903 [DBID]
611026_ALDRICH [DBID]
A6551_SIGMA [DBID]
A8800_SIGMA [DBID]
AP-1002 [DBID]
AZ-002 [DBID]
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  • Experimental Physico-chemical Properties
  • Predicted Physico-chemical Properties
  • Miscellaneous

    • Toxicity:

      Organic Compound; Organochloride; Drug; Anti-Anxiety Agent; Benzodiazepine; GABA Modulator; Hypnotic and Sedative; Metabolite; Synthetic Compound Toxin, Toxin-Target Database T3D2777

    • Safety:

      N05BA12 Wikidata Q319877

    • Chemical Class:

      A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4<element>H</element>-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-<ital>a</ital>][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug. ChEBI CHEBI:2611
      A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam i s only found in individuals that have taken this drug. ChEBI CHEBI:2611
  • Gas Chromatography

    • Retention Index (Kovats):

      2621 (estimated with error: 89) NIST Spectra mainlib_250574, replib_379453, replib_247715, replib_246828, replib_312378, replib_125690
      2908 (Program type: Isothermal; Col... (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 250 C; CAS no: 28981977; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: N2; Phase thickness: 1.5 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Japp, M.; Garthwaite, K.; Geeson, A.V.; Osselton, M.D., Collection of Analytical Data for Benzodiazepines and Benzophenones, J. Chromatogr., 439, 1988, 317-339.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2936 (Program type: Isothermal; Col... (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 250 C; CAS no: 28981977; Active phase: BP-1; Carrier gas: N2; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Japp, M.; Garthwaite, K.; Geeson, A.V.; Osselton, M.D., Collection of Analytical Data for Benzodiazepines and Benzophenones, J. Chromatogr., 439, 1988, 317-339.) NIST Spectra nist ri

    • Retention Index (Normal Alkane):

      2936 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 15 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 10 K/min; Start T: 150 C; End T: 260 C; Start time: 1 min; CAS no: 28981977; Active phase: DB-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Zamechnik, J.; Ethier, J.-C.; Neville, G.A., Benzodiazepines- an extensive collection of mass spectra, J. Can. Soc. Forensic Sci., 22(3), 1989, 233-259., Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 100 C; End T: 300 C; CAS no: 28981977; Active phase: BP-1; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: MHA, Directorate of ForensicScience., Forensic Toxicology, 9999.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2910 (Program type: Complex; Column... (show more) class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 150 0C (1.5 min) ^ 30 0C/min -> 265 0C (1.2 min) ^ 4 0C/min -> 305 0C (8 min); CAS no: 28981977; Active phase: Ultra-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Raymon, L.P.; Steele, B.W.; Walls, H.C., Benzodiazepines in Miami-Dade County, Florida driving under the influence (DUI) cases (1995-1998) with emphasis on Rohypnol: GC-MS confirmation, patterns of use, psychomotor impairment, and results of Florida legislation, J. Anal. Toxicol., 23, 1999, 490-499.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2902.8 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.26 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 8 K/min; Start T: 120 C; End T: 280 C; End time: 22 min; Start time: 1 min; CAS no: 28981977; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Manca, D.; Ferron, L.; Weber, J-P., A System for Toxicological Screening by Capillary Gas Chromatography with Use of Drug Retention Index Based on Nitrogen-Containing Reference Compounds, Clin. Chem., 35(4), 1989, 601-607.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2954.2 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 5 K/min; Start T: 70 C; End T: 320 C; End time: 5 min; Start time: 0.5 min; CAS no: 28981977; Active phase: BPX-5; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Song, S.M.; Marriott, P.; Wynne, P., Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometric analysis of drugs, J. Chromatogr. A, 1058, 2004, 223-232.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2950.6 (Program type: Complex; Column... (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 15 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 130 0C (0.6 min) ^ 25 0C/min -> 220 0C ^ 5 0C/min -> 290 0C (2 min); CAS no: 28981977; Active phase: DB-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.15 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Rasanen, I.; Ojanpera, I.; Vuori, E., Quantitative screening for benzodiazepines in blood by dual-column gas chromatography and comparison of the results with urine immunoassay, J. Anal. Toxicol., 24, 2000, 46-53.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2941.1 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 15 K/min; Start T: 120 C; End T: 320 C; End time: 1 min; Start time: 1 min; CAS no: 28981977; Active phase: HP-5; Phase thickness: 0.17 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Lillsunde, P.; Michelson, L.; Forsstrom, T.; Korte, T.; Schultz, E.; Ariniemi, K.; Portman, M.; Sihvonen, M.-L.; Seppala, T., Comprehensive drug screening in blood for detecting abused drugs or drugs potentially hazardous for traffic safety, Forensic Sci. Int., 77, 1996, 191-210.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2948.4 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; Column length: 12 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: .5 K/min; Start T: 100 C; End T: 310 C; End time: 10 min; Start time: 2 min; CAS no: 28981977; Active phase: DB-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 1.0 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Drummer, O.H.; Horomidis, S.; Kourtis, S.K.; Syrjanen, M.L.; Tippet, P., Capillary gas chromatographic drug screen for use in forensic toxicology, J. Anal. Toxicol., 18, 1994, 134-138.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2911.2 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 2.5 K/min; Start T: 210 C; End T: 285 C; CAS no: 28981977; Active phase: Ultra-2; Phase thickness: 0.52 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Gaillard, Y.; Gay-Montchamp, J.-P.; Ollagnier, M., Simultaneous screening and quantitation of alpidem, zolpidem, buspirone and benzodiazepines by dual-channel gas chromatography using electron-capture and nitrogen-phosphorus detection after solid-phase extraction, J. Chromatogr., 622, 1993, 197-208.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2930.3 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 12.5 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 10 K/min; Start T: 110 C; End T: 290 C; End time: 6.5 min; Start time: 1 min; CAS no: 28981977; Active phase: Ultra-2; Phase thickness: 0.5 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Watts, V.W.; Simonick, T.F., A retention index library for commonly encountered drugs and metabolites using tri-n-alkylamines as reference compounds, nitrogen-phosphorus detectors, and dual capillary chromatography, J. Anal. Toxicol., 11, 1987, 210-214.) NIST Spectra nist ri

    • Retention Index (Linear):

      2910 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 15 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 8 K/min; Start T: 120 C; End T: 280 C; End time: 5 min; CAS no: 28981977; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Linear RI; Authors: Perrigo, B.J.; Ballantyne, D.J.; Peel, H.W., Condierations in developing a data base for drugs on a DBI capillary column, J. Can. Soc. Forensic Sci., 17(2), 1984, 41-49., Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 15 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 8 K/min; Start T: 120 C; End T: 280 C; End time: 5 min; CAS no: 28981977; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Linear RI; Authors: Perrigo, B.J.; Peel, H.W.; Ballantyne, D.J., Use of Dual-Column Fused-Silica Capillary Gas Chromatography in Combination with Detector Response Factors for Analytical Toxicology., J. Chromatogr., 341, 1985, 81-88.) NIST Spectra nist ri

Predicted data is generated using the ACD/Labs Percepta Platform - PhysChem Module, version: 14.00

Density: 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 509.0±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 0.0±1.3 mmHg at 25°C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 77.9±3.0 kJ/mol
Flash Point: 261.6±32.9 °C
Index of Refraction: 1.711
Molar Refractivity: 88.2±0.5 cm3
#H bond acceptors: 4
#H bond donors: 0
#Freely Rotating Bonds: 1
#Rule of 5 Violations: 0
ACD/LogP: 2.50
ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 2.63
ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 58.24
ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 638.18
ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 2.63
ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 58.35
ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 639.39
Polar Surface Area: 43 Å2
Polarizability: 35.0±0.5 10-24cm3
Surface Tension: 52.2±7.0 dyne/cm
Molar Volume: 225.6±7.0 cm3

Predicted data is generated using the US Environmental Protection Agency�s EPISuite™ 

                        
 Log Octanol-Water Partition Coef (SRC):
    Log Kow (KOWWIN v1.67 estimate) =  3.87
    Log Kow (Exper. database match) =  2.12
       Exper. Ref:  BioByte (1995)

 Boiling Pt, Melting Pt, Vapor Pressure Estimations (MPBPWIN v1.42):
    Boiling Pt (deg C):  441.81  (Adapted Stein & Brown method)
    Melting Pt (deg C):  185.42  (Mean or Weighted MP)
    VP(mm Hg,25 deg C):  1.65E-008  (Modified Grain method)
    Subcooled liquid VP: 7.84E-007 mm Hg (25 deg C, Mod-Grain method)

 Water Solubility Estimate from Log Kow (WSKOW v1.41):
    Water Solubility at 25 deg C (mg/L):  13.1
       log Kow used: 2.12 (expkow database)
       no-melting pt equation used

 Water Sol Estimate from Fragments:
    Wat Sol (v1.01 est) =  0.15855 mg/L

 ECOSAR Class Program (ECOSAR v0.99h):
    Class(es) found:
       Aliphatic Amines

 Henrys Law Constant (25 deg C) [HENRYWIN v3.10]:
   Bond Method :   9.77E-012  atm-m3/mole
   Group Method:   Incomplete
 Henrys LC [VP/WSol estimate using EPI values]:  5.117E-010 atm-m3/mole

 Log Octanol-Air Partition Coefficient (25 deg C) [KOAWIN v1.10]:
  Log Kow used:  2.12  (exp database)
  Log Kaw used:  -9.399  (HenryWin est)
      Log Koa (KOAWIN v1.10 estimate):  11.519
      Log Koa (experimental database):  None

 Probability of Rapid Biodegradation (BIOWIN v4.10):
   Biowin1 (Linear Model)         :   0.6009
   Biowin2 (Non-Linear Model)     :   0.2660
 Expert Survey Biodegradation Results:
   Biowin3 (Ultimate Survey Model):   2.2574  (weeks-months)
   Biowin4 (Primary Survey Model) :   3.1733  (weeks       )
 MITI Biodegradation Probability:
   Biowin5 (MITI Linear Model)    :  -0.1488
   Biowin6 (MITI Non-Linear Model):   0.0042
 Anaerobic Biodegradation Probability:
   Biowin7 (Anaerobic Linear Model): -0.4906
 Ready Biodegradability Prediction:   NO

Hydrocarbon Biodegradation (BioHCwin v1.01):
    Structure incompatible with current estimation method!

 Sorption to aerosols (25 Dec C)[AEROWIN v1.00]:
  Vapor pressure (liquid/subcooled):  0.000105 Pa (7.84E-007 mm Hg)
  Log Koa (Koawin est  ): 11.519
   Kp (particle/gas partition coef. (m3/ug)):
       Mackay model           :  0.0287 
       Octanol/air (Koa) model:  0.0811 
   Fraction sorbed to airborne particulates (phi):
       Junge-Pankow model     :  0.509 
       Mackay model           :  0.697 
       Octanol/air (Koa) model:  0.866 

 Atmospheric Oxidation (25 deg C) [AopWin v1.92]:
   Hydroxyl Radicals Reaction:
      OVERALL OH Rate Constant =   7.6246 E-12 cm3/molecule-sec
      Half-Life =     1.403 Days (12-hr day; 1.5E6 OH/cm3)
      Half-Life =    16.834 Hrs
   Ozone Reaction:
      No Ozone Reaction Estimation
   Fraction sorbed to airborne particulates (phi): 0.603 (Junge,Mackay)
    Note: the sorbed fraction may be resistant to atmospheric oxidation

 Soil Adsorption Coefficient (PCKOCWIN v1.66):
      Koc    :  2.151E+006
      Log Koc:  6.333 

 Aqueous Base/Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis (25 deg C) [HYDROWIN v1.67]:
    Rate constants can NOT be estimated for this structure!

 Bioaccumulation Estimates from Log Kow (BCFWIN v2.17):
   Log BCF from regression-based method = 0.932 (BCF = 8.559)
       log Kow used: 2.12 (expkow database)

 Volatilization from Water:
    Henry LC:  9.77E-012 atm-m3/mole  (estimated by Bond SAR Method)
    Half-Life from Model River: 1.053E+008  hours   (4.388E+006 days)
    Half-Life from Model Lake : 1.149E+009  hours   (4.786E+007 days)

 Removal In Wastewater Treatment:
    Total removal:               2.37  percent
    Total biodegradation:        0.10  percent
    Total sludge adsorption:     2.27  percent
    Total to Air:                0.00  percent
      (using 10000 hr Bio P,A,S)

 Level III Fugacity Model:
           Mass Amount    Half-Life    Emissions
            (percent)        (hr)       (kg/hr)
   Air       0.000217        33.7         1000       
   Water     21              900          1000       
   Soil      78.9            1.8e+003     1000       
   Sediment  0.094           8.1e+003     0          
     Persistence Time: 1.48e+003 hr

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